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If you’re looking to upgrade your 12V setup or want a second battery you can rely on off-grid, you’ve probably come across the debate: solid state batteries vs lithium-ion. So what’s the difference, what is a solid state battery, and why should campers and 4WDers care?
Let’s break it down.
First things first: What is a solid-state battery?
Basically, instead of using a flammable liquid to move energy around (like a lithium-ion battery), solid-state batteries use a solid material.
The battery is made up of three main parts: a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), and a solid electrolyte layer sandwiched between them. That solid electrolyte acts as a gatekeeper. It allows lithium ions to move back and forth between the electrodes but keeps the two sides from coming into direct contact.
When the battery is charging, lithium ions flow from the positive side to the negative side, where they’re stored. When you’re using the battery (discharging it), the ions travel back the other way, creating an electric current to power your gear. It’s the same basic principle as traditional lithium batteries, but the solid electrolyte makes the whole process safer, more stable, and more efficient, especially in extreme conditions.
This simple swap changes a lot. It means that solid-state batteries are more stable, more compact, and much less prone to overheating or catching fire. Lithium-ion batteries, on the other hand, still rely on flammable liquid electrolytes. While they’ve come a long way in improvements, safety and efficiency, the core chemistry and structure (liquid electrolyte between anode and cathode) haven’t fundamentally changed since their commercialisation in the early 1990s.
Solid State Batteries vs Lithium Ion vs LiFePo: Key differences that matter in the bush
Here’s how these lithium battery types stack up when it comes to real-world camping and 4WD use:
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Solid State Batteries vs Lithium Ion vs LiFePO₄
| Feature | Lithium-Ion | LiFePo (Lithium Iron Phosphate) | Solid State Battery |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrolyte: | Liquid or gel | Liquid or gel | Solid (inorganic) |
| Safety: | Can leak or catch fire | Very safe, thermally stable but still flammable | Flame-retardant, no leakage, non-flammable |
| Temperature range: | Sensitive to extreme temperatures | Better tolerance than standard lithium-ion | Excellent performance in hot and cold climates |
| Weather resistance: | Can be affected by temperature swings | Good, but can struggle below 0°C unless heated | Highly weather-resistant |
| Energy density: | ~250 Wh/kg | ~90–160 Wh/kg | ~400 Wh/kg |
| Charge speed: | 20 mins to 12 hours | ~2–5 hours to full charge | Up to 80% in ~10–15 mins (theoretical) |
| Lifespan (cycles): | 1,500–2,000 | 3,000–5,000+ cycles (often >10 years in RV use) | 8,000–10,000 cycles |
| Recyclability: | Recyclable | Recyclable (more established recycling stream) | Not currently recyclable |
| Cost: | More affordable | Affordable and great value for long-term use | More expensive |
| Development stage: | Mature, widely used | Mature and proven in off-grid/4WD systems | Emerging, still under development |
Why Solid State Batteries are gaining ground in off-grid 4WD and camping setups
Solid-state batteries aren’t just science fair projects anymore. Brands like Renogy are starting to offer solid-state options for real-world use, and here’s why campers should take notice:
Fire-safe and fuss-free
Unlike lithium-ion batteries that need thermal management systems and careful placement, solid-state units are inherently safer. No liquid means no leaks, no off-gassing, and no fire risk if something goes wrong.
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Better in the cold
Camped in the Victoria highlands or the Outback in the middle of winter? Solid-state batteries don’t freeze like regular lithium. No need for warming pads or external battery management tricks.
More power in less space
Because of their high energy density, you get more usable power in a smaller, lighter package. That’s huge when space and weight matter, like in your canopy, camper trailer, or drawer system.
Less charging time, more adventure
While real-world figures vary, solid-state batteries can theoretically charge five times faster than lithium-ion. Combined with solar or DC-DC charging, this could mean faster top-ups when you’re on the move.
So…why isn’t everyone running these in their camping rig?
- Price: Solid-state batteries are still much more expensive upfront.
- Availability: They’re just hitting the market, so choices are limited, for now.
- Discharge limitations: Some models may not support extremely high-draw devices just yet.
- Recycling: Lithium-ion batteries currently have more established recycling systems.
Final verdict: Solid State or Lithium-Ion?
If you’re building a 12V system on a budget, lithium-ion still offers great performance for the price. But if safety, space, and long-term reliability are your top priorities, and you’re ready to invest for the future, solid state is the way to go.
Solid-state batteries aren’t here to replace lithium-ion overnight, but they are superior and they are setting the stage for a new era in off-grid power. For 4WDers, tourers and campers who want the best of the best, they’re definitely one to watch.
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